流控制如何为破坏排放提供解决方案？
There is no denying that the climate crisis is a critical area of concern for governments, businesses, and individuals worldwide. The urgent need for action is made clear when considering rising temperatures, extreme weather events, and food and water insecurity. The Paris Agreement of 2015 set warming limits to below 2°C, and ideally 1.5°C, to avoid catastrophic impacts of climate change. Since that agreement, governments have reconfirmed importance of this, such as at COP26 summit in Glasgow in November 2021. Here, world leaders committed to: i) ambitious emissions reductions by 2030; ii) phasing out unabated use of coal; iii) encouraging investment in renewables and iv) significantly reducing methane emissions. The oil & gas industries have an essential role to play.
减少不必要的天然气排放，并专注于在石油和天然气运营中使用电动执行器，是巴黎协议和COP26目标的重要一步，到2050年到2050年的净赛车。生产的天然气一直是石油和天然气应用中的一种最受欢迎的控制形式（尤其是在孤立的位置和无法接近的环境中，例如远程井口）。相反，电力控制将减少或消除相关的排放。这样一来，它承诺将更加环保的操作，并遵守不断增加的全球排放控制要求。
油气中的甲烷排放
Before exploring how efficient flow control can negate or reduce gas emissions within energy production, it is important to understand how they occur and their destructive potential. The gas that has received the most attention in recent years is methane. By volume, methane sits behind carbon dioxide; but it has a disproportionate impact on the environment due to its high global warming potential (it is 28 times more potent than carbon dioxide). The abatement of current methane levels is critical in achieving essential emission reduction and climate crisis targets. Approximately 20 to 25% of human-derived methane emissions are from the oil & gas industry. The majority of those are from upstream operations. Leaks and emissions come from production sites and transmission and distribution systems. Methane is also commonly vented and flared. Pneumatic flow control is, therefore, an obvious choice when deciding what equipment to upgrade. In all cases, electric alternatives will reduce or negate gas emissions.
电气化
电气化是试图削减石油和天然气运营中排放的基石；它在基本的脱碳工作中起着重要作用。即使对可再生能源形式的关注越来越大，个人可能会在未来几年内依靠石油和天然气。因此，必须尽可能高效地生产石油和天然气，并减少产生的排放并减少对环境的影响。正如国际能源机构所规定的那样：“可以表现出强大有效采取行动以减少排放的生产商可以可靠地认为，他们的石油和天然气资源应比更高的排放量优先。”同样的逻辑也适用于流控制运算符；在石油和天然气应用中，可以为流量控制提供减少/无排放的致动器，理想情况下是在现在和将来都在能源提供中发挥领导作用的作用。
石油和天然气行业是一个阀密集型区域，在管理原油，天然气，冷凝水和水流的所有站点上都发现了相关的执行器。传统上，在上游应用中，执行器由动力气体提供动力。气动流控制的使用会带来对环境有害的气体排放的风险。在其位置使用电流控制产品意味着更有效的操作，减少排放以及改善环境和安全性能。电动执行器仅需要电力供应，而不会排气或泄漏气体。因此，电气化是减少这种阀门密集型行业排放的重要工具。
Mitigating Upstream Leaks
Upstream applications are an area of particular focus for electrification, as they provide the most significant number of opportunities to upgrade from existing high-bleed pneumatic devices that cause emissions.
流量控制电气化的最新示例是在北海的油田上安装智能电动执行器，以帮助创建一个等级平台。Johan Sverdrup油田是挪威大陆架上最大的海上开发项目之一。电动执行器的使用是电气化计划的一部分，该计划以降低或否定的排放水平生产石油。安装了执行器，以在站点的钻井，立管，过程和居住区域提供流量控制服务。
将现有的气动执行器升级为新电动执行器是一种日益普遍的做法。在比利时的几个天然气加压站看到了安装电动执行器的另一个例子。电动执行器取代了能源基础设施集团Fluxys操作的现有的气动执行器。先前的执行器使用气体作为对照介质，导致进入大气。从气动控制解决方案升级或改造是油气操作中电气化实践的核心宗旨，它破坏了破坏性的泄漏和逃避排放。
中游泄漏检测
关于中游活动，逃避排放量不太可能发生。但是，当管道跨越成千上万英里时，必须迅速发现并处理任何泄漏。可靠的技术快速隔离远程管道中的断裂对于维持这种中游应用的效率和安全至关重要。与流体动力执行器结合使用，电子线路断裂（ELB）设备可以应对这一挑战。ELB将通过监测管道压力来迅速识别和促进管道破裂或破裂的截面。By comparing rate of pressure drop (RoD) or rate of pressure rise (RoR) readings against pre-determined limits set by the operator, a microcontroller can energise a solenoid valve which allows pipeline gas in the actuator’s circuit manifold to move the valve to the closed position and cut off the affected part of the pipeline. This kind of technology can act quickly in the event of a pipeline break to isolate the appropriate pipeline section and reduce potentially damaging safety, financial, and environmental impacts.
下游泄漏减少
在下游应用程序中，逃犯的排放有很多机会逃脱。打击这种泄漏的努力可以累积地增加，以减少这些排放量产生重大积极作用。例如，气体分布通道通常会看到甲烷排放。天然气压力减少站是整个美国的常见景象。他们规范下游气压以向国内客户交付。进行调整后，将用作动力的甲烷排放到大气中。带有高流量I/P定位器的气动控制器通常用于促进这一点。另一种是电动执行器；它们可以直接安装在调节器上，以自动调整压力设置点。它们可以远程操作，并且在操作过程中不会产生排放或废气； there is no constant bleed. This solution also does not require a continuous supply of power.
结论
The drive to reduce emissions within oil & gas operations is part of a broader global campaign to tackle the climate crisis. Oil & gas operations, especially upstream, are widely acknowledged as important ones to target as part of a decarbonising energy sector transformation. Electrification of flow control systems by replacing existing pneumatic actuators with electric ones is vital in reducing damaging emissions such as methane and carbon dioxide.